Ben Bernanke and Sub-prime

Considering Ben Bernanke’s statements and economic forecast one year later, the downside has occurred. He mentioned the effect of consumer confidence and attitude about the possibility of inflation. Since that forecast was made attitudes across the board have shown no confidence in an economic upturn, or at least a belief that the economy is less than stable. The federal government has responded with the Economic Stimulus Package designed to increase consumer and business spending. The Stimulus Package will put actual dollars into the hands of consumers hoping to cause a real increase in consumer spending.Bernanke stated that business capital expenditures should at least remain stable. However, an extra push was given in the form of additional tax writeoffs for large capital expenditures. In other words both consumer and business spending were leveling off or decreasing and needed a boost. Gas prices have remained unstable, rising and falling by nearly $1 per gallon in many ar eas. This constant fluctuation makes it difficult to assess the long term affect of gas prices on the economy. However, gas price fluctuations may not be as large of a downside as some other issues in the economy.Consumers can shop long distance without using any gasoline. With the internet people can shop online eliminating to drive across town for a day of shopping. Employment and trade deficits continue to be of concern to economists, however these issues have been overshadowed by continuing developments and downturns in the housing and mortgage industries. The Downside At the time of the 2007 economic forecast, the housing market had already entered a slump. Bernanke stated that the subprime effect may be contained. However, that has not been the case.The subprime debacle has remained in the headlines under many terms including: the housing crisis, the subprime mortgage mess, the foreclosure crisis, and the credit crisis. The housing crisis began after the price and sales boom i n 2005. As housing prices began a rapid decline over one year, it became evident that the problem was due in part (if not in full) to the recent developments in the subprime mortgage market. Many subprime mortgages had adjustable rates which were unaffordable when the rate adjustment increased those monthly mortgage payments.This was compounded by the fact that housing prices had begun a rapid decline. There was no way for homeowners to get out of those rising payments either by selling or refinancing. Homes no longer had the equity or value that they were expected to have. The Spillover and Its Affect The first spillover from the housing price decline was directly to the subprime mortgage market. Two years after the housing market meltdown, it has been discovered that the entire subprime market was the result of the collective genius of Wall Street investment firms.Subprime mortgages had become a complex range of securities including bonds, hedge funds, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and other such terms that we now hear everyday on the news. Many have found that their personal investments – pensions, IRAs, as well as bank and corporate investments were heavily invested in subprime mortgages at least indirectly. What has resulted is a breakdown of the financial markets, both in the United States and internationally.Daily news reports show that international investors and banks have been exposed to or involved in the U. S. subprime markets. Credit ratings on many investments have been lowered to the point of declaring some bank securities worthless. When banks have no collateral to borrow against, they have no funds to lend to their banking customers, even the ones with good credit. When investment houses get lower credit ratings, the value of a shareholder’s’s investments becomes worthless as well. As a result, the U. S.dollar has lost footing against foreign currencies. This caused the government and t he Federal Reserve to step in and literally change the way they put money into the economy. Until very recently, the Federal Reserve, the U. S. Central Bank, did not lend money to Wall Street investment firms. Realizing that the developments in the subprime market and the widespread use of subprime mortgages as investment vehicles, the Federal Reserve has come to understand that the subprime mortgage industry is at the very heart of our economy.Changing key interest rates several times did not help, so the Fed had to put money into the area that is most likely to bring the economy into a recession. In other words, there has been a change in the banking and financial systems. Lending and borrowing fuel buying and selling, and saving and spending in the economy. Commercial deposit banks are no longer the primary source of capital to businesses and consumers, but investment banks are. To support this new source of business the Federal Reserve has begun lending to investment houses by t he same means that it lends to banks – through short term loans.Investment houses have also began offering smaller consumer based deposit and credit products such as money market deposit accounts and credit cards available at many major investment brokerages. Analysis and Conclusion The reason for the subprime spillover into other segments of the economy is because the economy and the way it operates is shifting. The U. S. economy, and the international economy may no longer be bank based. As governments begin to privatize certain operations, the way these organizations seek funding or capital becomes a private matter.For example, when the Unites States government chartered private companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to essentially operate the mortgage market, Fannie and Freddie raised capital on the U. S. financial markets as opposed to borrowing through banks. Right now the U. S. is at the downside of a bank based economy. What the upside will be is the complete shift to a n investment based economy. As the Federal Reserve continues to support the investment houses, those will become our deposit institutions of the future. Once that shift is complete, the economy will stabilize and grow, even though it will be completely different.

Materials engineering

Mercury is a common element that is found naturally in a free state or mixed in ores. Because mercury is very dense, expands and contracts evenly with temperature changes, and has high electrical conductivity, it has been used in thousands of industrial, agricultural, medical, and household applications. Major uses of mercury include dental amalgams, tilt switches, thermometers, lamps, pigments, batteries, reagents, barometers, manometers, and hydrometers. It also may be present in rocks or released during volcanic activity. (Ross & Associates, 1994) Mercury can enter the environment from a number of paths. For example, if a mercury-containing item is thrown into the garbage, the mercury may be released into the atmosphere from landfill vapors or, or the mercury may vaporize if the trash is incinerated. If mercury is flushed through a wastewater system, the mercury will likely adhere to the wastewater sludge, where it has the potential to volatilize and be deposited elsewhere. Mercury can enter the atmosphere through these various means because it evaporates easily. It can travel through the atmosphere in a vaporized state. (Ross & Associates, 1994) Once mercury is deposited into lakes and streams, bacteria convert some of the mercury into an organic form called methylmercury. This is the form of mercury that humans and other animals ingest when they eat some types fish. Methylmercury is particularly dangerous because it bioaccumulates in the environment. Bioaccumulation occurs when the methylmercury in fish tissue concentrates as larger fish eat smaller fish. (U.S. EPA, 1994) Methylmercury interferes with the nervous system of human body and can result in a decreased ability to walk, talk, see, and hear. In extreme examples, high levels of methylmercury consumption have resulted in coma or death. Many animals that eat fish also accumulate methylmercury. Mercury can interfere with an animal's ability to reproduce, and lead to weight loss, or early death. (Ross & Associates, 1994) Instruments containing mercury on campus Thermometers Description: Thermometers include fever thermometers for home and medical use, laboratory thermometers, and industrial thermometers. How to Identify: The bulbs of thermometers containing mercury are usually silver in color. Types of mercury thermometers on campus include: Laboratory and weather thermometers. Amount of Mercury: typical fever thermometers contain about 0.5 grams of mercury each, while laboratory thermometers contain up to 3 grams of mercury. Pollution Prevention Options: Mercury-free alternatives are digital, aneroid, and alcohol thermometers, and for most applications they are as accurate as mercury thermometers. Digital thermometers tend to last longer, however, because they are less likely to break. Safe Handling: Mercury thermometers are easily broken when not handled carefully. If the break occurs, use two pieces of paper or two razor blades to scoop it up from a smooth surface. An eyedropper or a mercury vacuum can also be used. Mercury spill kits are available from safety equipment supply companies for large mercury spills. (U.S. EPA, 1994) Safe Disposal: Save old or broken thermometers in an air-tight container. Homeowners can use local household hazardous waste collection programs for disposal. Businesses should deliver their thermometers to a consolidation site or arrange for a transporter to take them. Contact your county or state environmental office or solid waste office for services available in your area. Also, save the invoices that track your waste that include the following information: date of shipment, amount of waste, location from where waste is shipped, and destination of shipment. Thermostats Description: Mercury-containing thermostats use mercury tilt switches. How to Identify: Most thermostats, other than electric thermostats, contain mercury. To determine if a thermostat contains mercury, remove the front plate. Mercury-containing thermostats contain one or more small mercury switches. Thermostats are generally mounted on walls and easily found. (U.S. EPA, 1994) Amount of Mercury: About 3 grams of mercury are in each mercury tilt switch. Most thermostats have one switch; some have two, and up to six switches are possible. Pollution Prevention Options: Programmable electronic thermostats are mercury free, and they are more energy-efficient than the mercury model. Look for programmable electronic thermostats that have the Energy Star label. Safe Removal: Remove the entire thermostat using a screwdriver and a pair of wire-cutters and store safely. Don't remove the switches from the thermostat, or dismantle the thermostat. Safe Disposal: Store the entire thermostat in a marked container until it can be sent for proper disposal. In many states, the Thermostat Recycling Corporation operates a recycling program utilizing heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) wholesalers; eventually this program will be in operation nation-wide. The wholesalers consolidate thermostats from contractors and send them to recyclers; only whole thermostats are accepted. (U.S. EPA, 1995) Switches Description: Mercury is contained in temperature-sensitive switches and mechanical tilt switches. Mercury tilt switches are small tubes with electrical contacts at one end of the tube. As the tube tilts, the mercury collects at the lower end, providing a conductive path to compete the circuit. When the switch is tilted back, the circuit is broken. How to Identify: A mercury tilt switch is usually present when no switch is visible. They are used in thermostats, silent light switches, and clothes washer lids. Amount of Mercury: About 3.5 grams of mercury are contained in a small electrical switch. Industrial switches may contain up to 8 pounds of mercury. Pollution Prevention Option: Alternatives to mercury switches include hard-contact switches and solid-state switches. Safe Removal: Remove switches from appliances very carefully so as not to release any mercury into the environment. Safe Disposal: Store mercury switches in a suitable leak proof, closeable containers. A five gallon plastic bucket with a lid may work. Each container must be labeled â€Å"Mercury Switches for Recycling.† Be careful to keep the switches from breaking and releasing mercury into the environment. If breakage occurs, you must immediately take steps to contain and clean up the spill. Take switches to a consolidation site or arrange with a transporter to take them. Contact your county or state environmental office/ solid waste office for services in your area. Keep records of the mercury switches you have recycled, including copies of invoices containing information on the date of shipment, number of switches, and location.   (U.S. EPA, 1994) Manometers, Barometers, and Hydrometers Description: Manometers and barometers are used for measuring air pressure. Hydrometers are used to measure density of liquid. How to Identify: All these devices will have a gauge for reading air pressure. Pollution Prevention Options: The Replacements of mercury containing Manometers     are battery operated digital units and vacuum gauges. Battery operated digital units are extremely sensitive. Safe Removal: To safely remove the manometer or barometer, remove the entire device from the machine it is attached to. Safe Disposal: Put the entire unit into an airtight, labeled container and ship it to a mercury recycling plant. Sphygmomanometers Description: Sphygmomanometers are used to measure blood pressure. How to Identify: Usually, they are installed on walls and placed on tables in hospitals. Pollution Prevention Options:   The replacement for mercury sphygmomanometers includes electric vacuum gauges, aneroid monitors, and automated devices. Recycling/Disposal: Develop a protocol for the preparation of mercury sphygmomanometers for recycling or disposal that that is consistent with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, state and local regulations, and pertinent standards. Contact your hazardous waste management coordinator for details about packaging, labeling and transporting that are specific to your facility. A suggested protocol might include the following instructions: Place the sphygmomanometer in a clear plastic bag and seal the bag. Do not use a red bag biohazard bag. Mark the bag: â€Å"Contains Mercury.† Place the bag in a plastic basin to contain any spills during transport to the designated hazardous waste collection point. Batteries Description: Mercury zinc, carbon zinc, silver oxide, and zinc air contain mercury. Mercury is used to protect cathode from oxidation. Pollution Prevention Options: Most consumers dry-cell batteries contain no added mercury. The best way to reduce mercury is recycling. (U.S. EPA, 1994) References Ross & Associates Environmental Consulting, Ltd. (1994), Mercury Sources and Regulations: Background Information for the Virtual Elimination Pilot Project. Ross & Associates Environmental Consulting, Ltd. (1994), Polychlorinated Biphenyls Sources and Regulations: Background Information for the Virtual Elimination Pilot Project. U.S. EPA. (1994), Virtual Elimination Pilot Project: Briefing Packet for Meeting Participants, U.S. EPA. (1995), Mercury Study Report to Congress (External Review Draft) (External Review Draft) U.S. EPA. (1995), Mercury Study Report to Congress      

Film Review (African Women in Films) Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Film (African Women in Films) - Movie Review Example The film shows the flagrant gender discrimination in these countries. The film took second place in the 1994 Monte Carlo film festivities. The film showed the rest of the world that some sectors of our global society still implement gender discrimination acts. The film strives to persuade the world to do their share to help free the women from their current chain of gender equality and other human rights abuses. Further, the convincing and excellently planned film set rightfully shows the realities of gender inequality (Moscowitz 2). The well-research film poignantly starts with a female reciting a poem. The author did not overlook anything significant. The author is not biased. Furthermore, the poem recitation informs the film audiences that the women’s society requires them to tow the line or implement their role us unwilling victims of society’s gender inequality and human rights abuse culture (Moscowitz 3). The film strengths lie in the use of real victims to bring the message across to the global audiences. The film’s weakness is that it does not include women in other societies. The final scene brings to mind that the movie audiences must do their share to help women victims out of their misery. Moreover, the poem shows the women’s role in life, serving the husband and children (Moscowitz 2). To accomplish this role, the women must not learn how to read or about how to survive in life alone. Likewise, the women accept their fate. The film shots vividly show fate includes doing everything in their power to please the male gender, especially the husbands. The film’s close-up shots include correctly focuses on several discriminatory issues (Klevan 87). One of the issues is the compulsory genital mutilation of the women. The mutilations are often done during their childhood years. Likewise, the women have no right to follow their heart. The women cannot marry the person they love. Forced or arranged

Historical Development Matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Historical Development Matrix - Essay Example e Organizations (JCAHO): It is a private non-profit organization established in 1951 with specific focus on initiating accreditation process of hospitals and healthcare services. It approved specific risk management standard in 1989. The standards ensured both service quality and patient care. In addition to the approval of standards, American Society for Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM) was established and later collaborated with JCAHO’s sentinel event policy and on patient safety standards (Jcaho, 2004, p.3). 3. Medicare & Medicaid Act (1965): This act ensured the protection of public rights on the accessibility of quality healthcare. It extended health coverage to all citizens above 65; and ensured healthcare services to disabled individuals, blinds, and low-income class children. 4. Hill-Burton Act (1948): in fact, this was the commencement of regulations on healthcare that insisted the idea of community service obligation (Taylor R J & Taylor S B, 1994, p.542). It was followed by a number of regulations on risk management and quality improvement in healthcare services in the United States. 5. Medical Device Amendments (1976): the amendments insisted the avoidance of medical errors. It also ensured the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics by giving authority to the US food and Drug Administration (FDA). It clearly defines the standards of food coloring and drug additives to ensure the protection of patients from deliberate medical malpractices (Dyro, 2004, p. 235). 6. Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (1996): since the enactment of this law the organizational documentation was enhanced or made mandatory in healthcare organizations (Marcinko, 2005, p.90). It also led to the widespread use of electronic devices for the healthcare transactions. In addition, the law insisted the insurance protection to workers and their families. 7. Federal Medicaid Regulations (2003): the 2003 regulations were the further improvements on the existing

Certain groups in society are more crime prone than others. Critically Essay

Certain groups in society are more crime prone than others. Critically discuss how social inequality might contribute to crime amongst these populations - Essay Example Social inequality should obviously contribute to the crime ranking. However, it is important to understand in what way it affects the society and groups. There exist two major approaches to the reasons making people commit a crime. Both of them are based on the concept of human nature. We all are supposed to be born with ‘inherent potentials and abilities’ that ‘interact with environmental influences to produce behaviour, some of which is considered criminal’ (Wiebe 2004). Why do some people violate the norms and laws of the society? What is more responsible for the anti-social behaviour – external, objective circumstances or our in-born inclinations? The XIX-XX centuries are notable for paying extreme attention to environment as the major shaper of an individual’s behaviour, sometimes even ignoring predispositions. These views must have spread due to socialists’ ideology. Radical environmentalism treats human nature as one consisting of "vague and consequently plastic predispositions" that constitute "the indeterminate material that the social factor melds and forms" (Durkheim, 1895/1962, pp. 105-106, In Wiebe 2004). Another radical wing of scientists keeps to the theories based on classical view of human nature, concepts developed by Hobbes and his contemporaries. The human is seen as a creature seeking ‘immediate gratification of selfish desires’ ready to ‘commit crimes in pursuit of this gratification’, which occurs ‘at the expense of the legitimate rights of others, undermining group interests’. In order to defend its interests the group may either teach its members self-control or simply limit opportunities to satisfy impulses (In Wiebe 2004). Besides, these two theories, there exist a variety of others. Strain theory teaches that people commit crime when they are blocked from their legitimate opportunities to attain the desirable goals, which are determined by the dominant culture.

IT - Operation Aurora Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT - Operation Aurora - Research Paper Example This cyber security and the increasing cyber crime had been the greatest concern for the present as well as for the future generation. A study made in the year 2003 in the United States of America revealed that 31 percent of the respondents considered this cyber security as the second most concern after the misappropriation of the individual assets. Moreover over 15 percent among the respondents have experienced the threat of cyber security in the last two years facing a loss which most of them could not quantify in actual. However on an average measurement of the total financial cost for the last two years incurred in cyber crime valued to be about 812,318, US dollars (Smith, Grabosky, & Urbas, 2004, p. 15). Thus the paper focus on cyber security with the main focuses on Operation Aurora. Type of breach Viruses in the computer system, defacement or the alteration of the websites along with system crashes and redirection or even misappropriation of the resources of the system are som e of the breaches generally reported in regards to the cyber security (Smith, Grabosky, an Urbas, 2004, p. 15). Morgan Stanley underwent a "sensitive breach" where hackers attempted to enter its complex for six months, starting from June 2009 (Rashid, 2011). Circumstances of the occurrence of breach Operation Aurora is a large scale hacking that victimized even Google and Morgan Stanley along with about 200 other companies with most of their identities not yet revealed. They had made the breach occurring in Google public in the month of January 2010. However they kept the hacking of the company of DuPont secret. Fear of the affect on the investors of the company in revealing the hacking or the breach was the reason behind the secrecy maintained by the company to the public. The seriousness of the issue of this cyber hacking forced the white house in engaging a senate task force for reporting and investigating in the security issues of this cyber world. The recent trend of the online attacks in targeting the renowned international companies reveals the cyber insecurity of the corporate world. In order to prevent the dangerous trend from persisting and even increasing the companies have to undertake own initiative in ensuring steps for the security of their own data served online. According to the Whitehouse, theft and piracy are engaging in the transfer of wealth that is the biggest in the planet history and the victim companies stands on the ultimate losing end. Another incident of an attack launched in the year 2009 that had the Chinese base had targeted the energy companies. The security firm of McAfee reported the attack named as â€Å"Night Dragon†. However the identity of the targeted company was not disclosed by the report published by McAfee. But the emails of the company of HBGary Federal had with it the lists of the name of the targeted companies. According to the lists the companies were Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, General Electric, Marath on oil along with ConocoPhillips and BP. (Liebowitz, 2011) Operation Aurora even imposes a break in the network security of the bank, Morgan Stanley. A company of cyber security working with the corporate bank had their very sensitive email stolen which indicates the experience of the hacking of the ‘China based hackers’

Team Work Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

Team Work - Term Paper Example 6. Sublease unused hospital medical equipment when not in use 7. Create a website that will provide all software for students, professionals, and enterprises, such as Office, HFSS, Matlab, SolidWorks, etc. for a little low quote and fully unlimited license. 8. Web host to keep encrypted medical records so that they are accessible worldwide 9. Create custom phone apps for individual people and companies. 10. A health insurance co-op to get health insurance benefits of a large company to an individual 11. Refurbish medical equipment and sell needy medical establishments 12. Establish and maintain a data base of quality medical professionals 13. Create an integrated internet based query of emergency departments to reduce wait times 14. Create a company to help startups lessen the strain of FDA approval 15. Create a drug recycling company 16. Distribute unused drugs expired equipment to third world countries 17. Medical equipment maintenance company 18. Create a company that upgrades cur rent medical equipment 19. Create a website that encourages competition among medical providers 20. Using AzTechnology â€Å"Fuel-Cell Based True Uninterruptible Power Supply for DC powered Devices† this technology can be incorporated to hospitals for medical devices or private practitioners that use medical devices as a power back-up equipment. This technology will be useful for third world countries such as Haiti. 21. Living System Home for elderly people 22. Buy confiscated cars to the State before they go in auction, and repair them for purpose of selling them to a really considerable price 23. Primary or preventative care for automobiles 24. Using multi-touch technology to be applied to a retail company to show inventory of the product without the need that physically show it. This will elude the need of shoplifting 25. Medical Equipment repair 26. Using Volkswagen technology safety to be incorporated to home security. 27. sell/run program for I pad/Tablets that allows w aitresses to send orders directly to kitchen staff instead of physically giving it to them 28. lemonade stand 29. candy stand 30. invest in franchises 31. used furniture store 32. sell games for smart phone 33. auto detailing company 34. sell CPR training dummies that give electronic feedback for if one is doing compressions correctly 35. Create a website to automatically translate websites, making for a truly world wide web 36. Pet rental company 37. Start a club 38. Private personal webpage to manage your email and social media similar to a phone that is accessible anywhere 39. Some who hunts wild cats and sells them for food 40. Assisted living firm 41. Health insurance discounts based on health. 42. Create an assisted living apartment complex with more freedom than normal assisted living facilities. 43. A website/phone app to quickly estimate the necessity to call EMS or go to the hospital by one’s own means 44. Buy/sell used books 45. Start an insurance company based on keeping people healthy not curing the sick 46. Cooking home food (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) to deliver to students or people that are really busy that cannot cook or get food at all 47. Create a hospital that is accessible by only private means no government services, a truly private hospital 48. Provide International Students with a database that will give them the facility of finding jobs or companies that sponsored H1 visas. Making a career fest or making such a thing as ASU Sun devils

CFZ18 International Human Resource Management Essay

CFZ18 International Human Resource Management - Essay Example A good example is the Nanjing university school of business which offers Masters of Science in Human Resource Management. In its portfolio, the institution describes the MSc Human Resource Management program as a program aimed at raising high-caliber fellows in order to meet the growing competitive needs in the global business environment (Bas & Zhao, 2012). Next, governments that decide to construct or re-construct states that function as per the rule of the law always lead to two contrasting movements. The first move constitutes nations involved in rebuilding their government institutions or building their government institutions from scratch. Examples of nations that have experienced this include Libya and South Sudan that have experienced internal conflicts and wars that have brought about state collapse (Natsios, 2012; LeRiche & Arnold, 2012). The second move constitutes of nations that have resorted to economic and political changes. A typical example of this measure is the action of the Eastern European nations to transform from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. In either case, a national government will only accept IHRM practices that are compliant with its bid to accomplish the restructuring endeavors. Another way in which a government can affect the effectiveness of implementation of HRM policies and practices is through issuance of guidance on the wages that employees should be receiving and simplification of the steps involved in forming labor unions. For example, the move by the Bangladesh government to appoint the tripartite minimum wage board whose duty is to significantly raise the lowest pay rendered to factory workers (Eyraud & Saget, 2005). To this end, the cabinet has approved a host of amendments to the labor laws therein in order to improve benefits in addition to simplifying the process of

Information communication technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information communication technology - Essay Example The use of the electronic mails has enabled people to keep in touch from all corners of the world. For instance, a software designer working on a project of the company can cooperate with team members who are situated in different locations. They can communicate through videoconferencing and various groupware programs soft wares. This work configuration is referred to as teleworking. This teleworking has been famous for the past years. It was predicted to gain high adopted but this has not been the case because organizations are not prepared fully for it. This has disempowered employees in many ways. However, teleworking has caused both positive and negative effects which must be studied carefully. In a networked business setup, workers can access all the information they need from the powerful PCs of the company. The presence of Wide web’s opens up the enterprises to the world thus creating more opportunities on their services. The Emergence of the internet as a communication channel has led to the growth of e-business and e-commerce. However, it has been a major issue since a few business enterprise and organization thrive as a result of this change in technology. Employees of many organizations lack a voice in decision making and sharing their thoughts through inventions. The key driver to the success of any business is by using Information Technology in supporting the staff through team works. This step will be a huge milestone since it will give them an opportunity to dream and come up with varieties of inventions (Davenport, 2005 p.51). The rate at which Digital networks is transforming workplace is incredible. The networked business entities have created a virtual business environment where by employees can now work from home. Work groups are distributed around the entire globe in almost all the fields of works. Their convergence is achieved through hosting meetings over the internet through videos and audios, regardless of their location (Davenpo rt, 2005 p.56). The advancement of these efforts has enabled them to share thoughts, goals and common interests of their respective fields of professions. This virtual environment has proven to be a positive impact to businesses since it enhances flexibility of work and duties. Organizations must shun the old and outdated models which they usually engaged in. The tendency of employees converging at the central place of work is boring since a few numbers of employees can keep up with that model today (Regan & O’Connor, 2002 p.8). Teleworking has become realistic today, enabled by ICT through mobile technology making staff members to continuously work from their homes. Studies and research works carried out reported that, regardless of ICT opening this option to an immense range of individuals, there is a much smaller percentage of those who practice teleworking. For instance in Europe, only seven percent of employees work from home on a regular basis. Recently, reports from Au stralia indicate that the numbers might shoot. Forty percent of the respondents confessed that they carried their assignments to their homes for completion. Conversely, that findings maintained there is still a huge percentage of workers who never do this, approximated to be sixty percent. The evidence in these researches points out that few people utilizes this golden opportunity of working from their homes. Telecommuting has benefit both for individuals, the organization for which one is working for and the society at large. Telecommuting allows an individual to effectively balance family demands and affairs and work. A researcher called Gajendran argues that, telecommuting minimizes job verses family feuds due to its positive effects on autonomy. From the

Sugar Ray Robinson Essay Example for Free

Sugar Ray Robinson Essay In the 1940s America had become a more technologically advanced country. The television had been invented, along with the world’s first computer and Americans were encouraged that ownership of this technology would make their lives better. This gave people financial problems. At this time the national debt was 43 billion dollars. Willy followed this trend by having the car, the refrigerator, the washing machine and the vacuum cleaner. Willy could not afford to buy these things out right, therefore was under pressure to make payments each month. This affected his mental state because not only did he have to provide for his family, but also had to earn extra to give his family these items that Americans were being persuaded were necessary. The American Dream is to be successful and envied without using a lot of effort. As Lorraine Hansberry says something has indeed gone wrong with at least part of the American Dream, and Willy Loman is a victim of the detour. I believe that there is a lot wrong with the American and how it is misleading many people into believing that America is the key to success. However, not all of Willys mistakes can be blamed on the American society, because Willy is able to think for himself. Also not everybody was miserable in the 1940s. This is also the era where people were successful, such as Sugar Ray Robinson and Joe Louis in boxing, Gary Cooper, Betty Davis, Judy Garland and Marlon Brando in film, and, Irving Shaw and Doctor Spock in literature. Aristotle’s tragic theory is that the character in question is a great man, who dies, after: undergoing a fall, having a tragic character flaw, at some point being subjected to some recognition of his flaws and making an audience feels pity and catharsis. One point that Aristotle made was that the hero of the story had to be a great man. In this play, it is the opposite. Willy is a common man living in America, with a stereotypical job, money problems, living in a normal house with a typical American family. He hasnt done anything great for society, or even for his family. But, does the fact that he is not a great man, make the audience less impressed or moved by his downfall? This is dubious. On one hand, the audience feel less sympathetic because he is quite ignorant of what is happening, and he didn’t try to help any situations. For example when he is in the garden planting seeds, he didn’t listen to what Linda said about nothing being able to grow in the garden. Also his flaws could have made him gain less sympathy because in some cases he was to blame, for example the way that he treated Linda, telling her to shut up all the time makes him seem rude and disrespectful. By treating Linda this way, he will not gain the audiences respect, making him fail in being a tragic hero. On the other hand, the audience are able to connect with Willy. As Popkin says Willy is Everyman meaning that he is a recognisable character in a realistic world. Another point that Aristotle made was that the character had a downfall or a reversal of fortune. This is true of Willy in the play for he creates pity from the audience when he loses his job and has to tell his sons, I was fired and Im looking for a little good news to tell your mother, some audience members could also feel pity for Willy because he is losing his mind and recalling his past memories, for example whenever he speaks to Ben. Ben is both a character and a representation of the American Dream. One example of Ben’s representation of the American Dream is when Willy is playing a game of cards with Charley, Ben says â€Å"I must make a train, William. There are several properties I’m looking at in Alaska. † This shows Ben’s success by the fact that he is looking to buy property whereas the audience know that Willy has to pay debts. This is also showing a contrast between the two characters. Another point made in Aristotle’s theory is that the character must have a flaw or be flawed. Once again this is true of Millers character, Willy. In my opinion, Willys biggest flaw is how he is unfaithful to his wife, and how Biff, his son, finds out. You you gave her mamas stockings. I dont think flaws like this make an audience feel pity for the character, they could feel angry for the way he disrespected Linda, and maybe feel sympathetic for Biff who had to keep what he found out a secret. An audience would realise that he is keeping this secret when Linda talks about Willy’s attempted suicide, when Biff says, â€Å"What woman? † An audience would be able to comprehend what Biff is talking about from seeing previous flashbacks, of Willy’s. Willy also has other flaws, for example, his mental illness plays a big part throughout the play, and an audience could feel pity for him because it is not necessarily his fault that he is suffering from mind loss. Personally, I dont feel sympathetic to Willy because he is flawed. I feel that Willy has made unforgivable mistakes, such as making Happy crave attention by ignoring him, when Willy has a flashback remembering old times with his sons, Happy says,Im losing weight, you notice, Pop? But Willy doesn’t respond to him. Also he practically tells Biff that it is acceptable to steal during another flashback with Ben, Go right over to where theyre building the apartment house and get some sand. Although Willy is mentally ill, he is still conscious of what he is doing, therefore able to correct his mistakes. An additional point within Aristotle’s theory was that the character creates catharsis within an audience member. Catharsis is a relief of strong suppressed emotions, in this case through a piece of drama. Vogal agreed with this point when he said, Miller has awoken catharsis in us. I believe that this all depends on how sympathetic the audience feels towards Willy. Somebody who feels upset about how Willy had spent his life would feel this way at the end of the play. But, if somebody didnt feel sympathetic about what happened to Willy throughout the play, would not feel catharsis, and could feel as if it was his own fault that all these bad things have happened to him. An arguable point made is whether Willy has a moment of self recognition, which is another point that Aristotle made. Some people may argue that Willy does have a point of self recognition because he kills himself, thinking that the family would come into money therefore making himself realise that he had failed to support his family. Another argument would be that Willy knew because of the way Ben spoke to him. For Ben, the American Dream made him successful. But, even though he was a strong believer, the American Dream didnt do anything for Willy. Other people may say that Willy didnt have a moment of self recognition because when times were hard, for example when he came back home from his business trip. He still had to do it all over again to try and gain success. People could also say that Willy didnt kill himself to help his family, but because of his mental illness. In my opinion Willy does have a moment of self recognition, because he thinks that killing himself and getting the insurance money is the best thing for his family. I also think that it is his mental illness that stops him from realising that they wont get any money because he is committing suicide. In conclusion, I think that Willy is partially successful in being a tragic hero and evoking sympathy from an audience. I agree that what has happened to him is very upsetting, such as his death and him losing his job. However, I feel that in some cases he deserves to be punished for his terrible errors. Such as the way he treats his family. Willy is quite naive, with believing that practically wasting his money will make him successful. However, I do agree with Miller when he says (About Aristotle’s theory being out of date. ) Because a modern audience may suffer the same common tragedy as Willy does on this play.

Moral Hazard Adverse Selection And Asymmetric Information Finance Essay

Moral Hazard Adverse Selection And Asymmetric Information Finance Essay There are many people who have an extra money and want to credit this money to make gains by investing this money, at the other side, there are many people need money to use it in many aspects of life e.g. students need money to pay for their education, home buyer need money, business financial investors also need money and so on, for all of these needed financial intermediary to play an important rule to link between investors and borrowers. There are many risk may happens if there is no intermediate between lender and borrower, information asymmetry one of these risk and in this case information between seller and buyer are different, so it leads to two issues adverse selection and moral hazard. Adverse selection is happened when the one of parties know information more than the other parties, or if the one of parties know information that the other parties not have. Moral hazard is the situation which if the two parties make an agreement about something and one of these parties no t obligate with the agreement terms. All these issues help to explain why banking institutions and other financial intermediaries exist. So, lets go to talk about financial intermediaries and how it can help individuals to deposits and loans by using the easiest way without high level of risk. Also, in we will talk in the following about the terms Information asymmetry, Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard. Financial Intermediaries: Financial intermediary is institutions that take money from investor and depositors and give this money to the borrowers as loans, the main aim from these institutions to link between the depositors whom are seeking for credit and borrowers whom are seeking loans from financial institutions. There are many forms of financial institutions like investing banks, life insurance companies, saving loans associations, building and loan associations, commercial banks, credit unions and investment companies. (Investor Directory) Using financial intermediaries in investing give the investors many advantages, let us to talk about the two main advantages, first, making investing through financial intermediaries could reduce the risk of these investments, because directly the investor not have a large base to give his loans, so in this case there is bad diversify, therefore the investor will face a high risk, but by using financial institutions as middleman to invest money we find that the diversify is good, because these institutions have a big base from lenders and borrowers and it invest in a different business which dont have a relation between it. In this case we have a good diversify, so the risk will decreased more than if we investing directly. Second, also financial intermediaries help to give savers the liquidity, liquidity is the ability to convert assets into money (cash) quickly. For example if an individual saver lent someone (borrower) money to but house or asset, and in an argent case he needs hi s money, in this case there is a house now not money, so it is very difficult to convert this asset to cash quickly, it takes a lot of time to do that. But with financial intermediaries could help the saver by giving him the money that he need by provide him the liquidity very quickly than individual, if the financial intermediary doesnt have liquidity at that moment, it can obtain help from the government or another financial institution. (Ingrimayne) The economic business is depend on that all individuals whom owned an economic relationships have a perfect knowledge, also may have similar predictions about the future prospects. But in real, the both parties of each relationship suffer from incomplete information, sometimes they suffer from information asymmetry situation which means the probability of happening the future actions is randomly. the situation that have a different information between the both parties leads to conflict in interests of both parties who have the relationship, therefore this leads to uncertainty which represents in moral hazard and adverse selection. (M. A. Al-Garny) Asymmetric Information Information asymmetry means the situation where there is information which knows to some parties but not to all parties. Asymmetric information can lead to different in the cost between internal and external finance, e.g. seller is know an information on the subject of the quality of assets will be disinclined to agree the conditions offered by buyer who has less information about that asset, this may cause market break down, or may be also cause buying the asset in low price, but if all buyers and sellers have complete information, the situation here will be different. (WSU) Also information asymmetry makes market turn into inefficient, because information is not available to the entire market participant, thus they cant make a good decisions for their businesses. (Investor Words) There are two issues that caused by Information asymmetry, adverse selection and moral hazard. We will talk about these two Issues at the following: First: Adverse Selection Adverse Selection, negative selection or anti-selection is a term which simply means a situation where the buyer and seller have different information about the some aspects of product quality. (Wikipedia) For example in the firms managers and other insides may know more information (about the current position of the firm and the future prospects of the firm) than the outsider investors, in this case the outer information may differ than the inside information, therefore the solution for this problem in this situation is by issuing financial reports to insure the information transferred perfectly from inside firm to the outside investors to help them to make good decisions. (Money Instructor) George Akerlofs in his paper The Market for Lemons located two answers for adverse selection problem, signaling and screening. Michael Spence proposed the suggestion of signaling to solve the information asymmetry problem. In this situation, it is potential for people to indicate their style, therefore credibly transferring information to the other party. Joseph E. Stieglitz the first one who put the screening theory. In this way the under informed party can make the other party to know their information. Sometimes the sellers may know information better than the buyers, like peoples who sale used car, life insurance transactions, real estate agents, realtors, mortgage brokers and loan originators, and stockbrokers. And sometimes the buyers may know information better than the sellers, like the man who sale old art pieces with no previous expert evaluation or health insurance customers of a range of risk levels. (Wikipedia) Second: Moral Hazard The concept of moral hazard comes from insurance industry. Moral hazard is an idea saying that the person will take risk if he has an incentive to do that, therefore the person will ignore some morality aspects of his selection. Instead, he will do what will increase his profits. Anyone knows the tradeoff between return and risk, if he takes risk there may be consequences. The indifference comes when the risk comes without consequences. Also we can define moral hazard as if someone or party that has insurance cover may be further ready to take risks than the other who does not, e.g. if there is a person who has a car and his car is insured against stealing may be more not careful about dropping the probability of stealing than other would has been without such insurance. This point exactly tells us why insurance companies need to overtake (the amount of an appeal driven by the insurer person) majority claims, and decrease premiums rapidly as overtaking growing. It is also why insurer is extremely cautious about the assessment of what he insures and why he is not lawfully necessary to give more than the actual cost of what he cover. Moral hazard also is able to occur at the outer of insurance. Banks and financial institutions over and over again include embedded state guarantees (not official or lawfully obligatory guarantees, other than a common prospect which they are too significant to be unsuccessful). This creates a motivation used for the administration to take larger risks as they will profit from gambles that work, other than the state will give for individuals so as to do not. (Money Terms) Conclusion: I conclude that the financial intermediaries are able to change the risk of assets for cause that they know how to locate an answer for a market breakdown and defeat an information asymmetry problem that come up in credit markets for the reason that borrowers be acquainted with superior concerning their plan than lenders do. Also the financial intermediaries exist to help in solving many issues as we said in this paper. It plays the middleman rule in linked between the borrower who need to finance in his business and lender who want to investing and gain profits taking into account the important rule of this institutions by save the lender from asymmetric information, adverse selection and moral hazard. Because the main issue from its foundation is to collect information about borrowers and this job not easy. This issue is very costly for individuals (small lenders) but when there is financial intermediaries can help the lender to insure where he can invest his money without risks if he gives his money to wrong person, by providing him full information about good borrowers, at the same time this job here doesnt cost a lot because the big size of consumers that they connected with market. On the other hand, there are also still some risks when we deal with financial intermediaries. But with some regulation and other instruction it will be decreased to minimum limit.

Porphyria’s Lover and The Laboratory Essay -- English Literature

Porphyria’s Lover and The Laboratory â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"The Laboratory† both deal with crimes of passion. Explore ways Browning explains ways of obsessive nature of his character and analysis the effects of literary techniques. â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† is a poem about a crime and passion. Porphyria is a young, wealthy girl who seems to have abandoned her family’s tradition of choosing wealthy men as lovers. Her lover remains anonymous, this could be because he has murdered her and does not want his name releasing. There is no actual reference as to why he committed this crime we can only make suggestions. Perhaps it was because she would not forsake her affluent companions for him, or because he felt she did not share his love for her. This poem is in the lover’s point of view only, so we can not really know how Porphyria is feeling, we can only guess from her body language and her actions mentioned and her actions. It is a Victorian poem and Browning uses sexual references, which is very unusual because sex was a taboo and was not discussed openly in Victorian times. At the beginning of the poem, there is a storm brewing which is mirroring the lover’s feelings. He is angry at Porphyria and desperately wants her love â€Å"The sullen wind was soon awake, It tore the elm tops down for spite,† The wind has been personified which is particularly effective because it heightens the anger the lover is feeling and soon realises this. Browning cleverly set's the scene by using strong word such as "sullen", "tore" and "vex". Already we can see that this man, the lover, desperately craves the love of Porphyria, and leads us to question why he is so angry and what happened previous to this as to make him ... ...eless of body, and he wants her, he possesses her. This time it is she that needs him, she was not strong enough before but now it is she that needs him. He is trying to make comparisons from before and now, he wants to go back to that moment and hold it. â€Å"I propped her head up as before,† We see that, in death, the head is extremely heavy now because he now has to hold it in place; she has now been reduced to a limp corpse. The lover depersonalises her by thinking for her, and now she truly is, his possession. He feels he has won the battle with her wealth family and friends â€Å"And I, its love, am gained instead!† He now believes that he has evaded the law and has her forever now, unwilling to share her with anyone else. He feels God is condoning his actions, and will not be punished, he is arrogantly believing he has escaped charges of murder.

Ethnography Essay -- Writing Literature Essays

Ethnography One of the most complex and interesting aspects of cultural anthropology is the ethnography. The idea of being able to read stories about groups of individuals is something that is intriguing to many people. With the ethnography, the authors many times feel that they have control and understanding over the individuals that they are writing about. Furthermore, many of these authors assume that the individuals among whom they are living and studying exemplify the entire society as a whole. Ethnographers have used many different means of establishing their ethnographic authority. One such method is the use of reflexivity in the ethnography. Ethnographers such as Renato Rosaldo in his work Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis and Bronislaw Malinowski in his work Argonauts of the Western Pacific assume their authority through the use of reflexivity. On the other hand, there are authors such as George E. Marcus in his work Ethnography Through Thick and Thin, who explain that reflexivity should be used as a means of demonstrating that one cannot assert such authority, and Dorinne Kondo, in her work Dissolution and Reconstruction of Self: Implications for Anthropological Epistemology, who use reflexivity to make a distinction between the ethnographer's role in the field, and the ethnographer’s role when writing the ethnography. There are many different interpretations on the meaning of reflexivity. One such interpretation is given by George Marcus in his work Ethnography Through Thick and Thin. In defining one aspect of his interpretation, Marcus states that reflexivity is â€Å"the label used in common currency to stand for possible but as-yet unrealized alternatives in the production of ethnography†(Marcus ... ...serting their authority over the individuals in which they lived among. Whether reflexivity is used as something that is positive, or something that is negative, depends on the ethnographer. In essence, reflexivity is a method that when used in ethnography, is a tool that can be used to the ethnographer’s advantage, and how they use reflexivity is to their own discretion. Works Cited Kondo, Dorinne K. â€Å"Dissolution and Reconstitution of Self: Implications for Anthropological Epistemology.† Cultural Anthropology. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986. Malinowski, Bronislaw. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1984. Marcus, George E. Ethnography Through Thick and Thin. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998. Rosaldo, Renato. Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis. Boston: Beacon Press, 1993.

Black Plague Essay -- essays research papers

Living in Europe in the middle of the 1300’s would have been heartbreaking and dreadful. Not only were the living conditions very poor but there was an unknown disease that was wiping out a large percentage of European population. One cannot imagine the fear of wondering whether you or someone you loved was going to catch this deadly disease. No explanation would make a person feel safe from catching it or dying with it. The people of Europe just lived their lives as best they could realizing that nothing they do could ever stop this. They did not have the power to stop this it was far too beyond them. This unknown disease is known as the Bubonic Plague.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The plague was passed among many rodents by fleas. Most of the rodents were rats. Fleas living on the rat‘s blood would eject the disease into the rat causing it to die quickly. When there were no rats left around, the flea would search for a new host, such as a human. When an infected flea bit the human the bacteria multiplies quickly causing death within a few Days. One a person obtains this disease they can easily spread it among other humans by bacilli coughed or sneezed in to the air or by human fleas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The plague had struck other parts of the world before it was first reported in Europe. The disease had been found in China and throughout India around 1332. Nomadic horsemen may have carried the plague westward between China and the Black Sea, where it apparently spread into Russia. Rumors had spread to Europe about the strange and terrible things happening in the East. Europeans began fearing this plague not knowing of its origin or cause. Eventually, the same unusual things started to occur in Europe and the plague was then reported to be in Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the bubonic plague spread across Europe it was called many names. Italians were dying by the thousands so they called it the Great Death. The Spanish called it Moroccan Fever, while Moroccans called it Mountain Fever. Most Europeans called it the Italian Fever or Italian Pestilence. It was not until later when the plague was called the Black Death. Black in Latin means dreadful, unlucky, and gloomy. This and because of black spots on the skin of many plague victims led the people to associate the word black with the plague. There a... ... servants or even people they loved. Poor people living in crowded, dirty towns and cities fled from those who came down with the disease. Wives abandoned sick husbands; parents deserted their diseased children. The sick were left to die and the dead was left unburied. Things in Europe were getting worse by the day. Until the day that so many died off that the few left were healthy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the plague, Europe had been severely overpopulated and almost in a great economic depression. Most of the land that could be farmed on had been abused. This made it difficult to grow food. After the plague ran its course food shortages grew even worse. Many of the survivors were reduced to eating cats and dogs. Some went too more extreme by eating their own children. The plague had seemed to solve the problem of population but it made worse the food and economic situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life for these people went on but was not enjoyed. Changes were to come but it seemed to take forever. Fear, horror, and death was known well by most of these people and the sorrow and despair for these people will never be forgotten.

Iic- Hkuspace Ass

HKU SPACE Community College Intra- and Interpersonal Competencies (IIC) Lecturer: Office: Email: Tel. : 1. Introduction 1. Human beings are social animals. We meet people and make friends throughout our life. However, building a positive relationship is not an accident, it requires understanding and effort and is an art to be learned and practiced. Learning, developing, expanding, and improving interpersonal skills and competencies are essential for future success.This course prepares students for the future by helping them improve themselves and their relationships with family members, friends, classmates, co-workers and even people who may be perceived as difficult. Aims & Objectives 2 This course aims at increasing students’ knowledge and understanding of basic human communication principles, identifying their strengths and weaknesses in intrapersonal and interpersonal communication, developing skills to achieve positive relationships with significant others and people aro und them. 2. 2By the end of the course, students should be able to: . 2. 1understand the concept of self, self-esteem and self-efficacy; 2. 2. 2know themselves throughout the life span, personality types and realize their strengths and weaknesses in communication; 2. 2. 3identify emotion and feelings and develop appropriate skills to express them; 2. 2. 4understand the meaning of happiness and develop ways to achieve life satisfaction; 2. 2. 5clarify values and understand moral development; 2. 2. 6develop better listening skills; 2. 2. 7master basic skills of giving and receiving responses; 2. 2. understand the features of healthy relationship and identify skills for managing conflicts; 2. 2. 9develop ways to enhance intimate relationships; 2. 2. 10 recognize the significance of parenting and strengthen family relationship. General approach 2. Mini lectures, role-plays, case discussions, psychological tests and other creative methods will be used as necessary. 3. Each meeting is 3 h ours per session, 12 meetings per term. References 5 Compulsory text Hanna, S. L. , Suggett, R. , & Radtke, D. (2010). Person to person: Positive relationships don’t just happen (5th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Suggested references Baker, L. L. , & Gaut, D. A. (2002). Communication (8th ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. DeVito, J. A. (2012). The Interpersonal communication book (13th ed. ). NY: Addison Wesley Longman. DeVito, J. A. (2002). The interpersonal communication reader. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Erber, R. , & Erber, M. W. (2010). Intimate relationships: Issues, theories and research (2nd ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Johnson, D. W. , & Johnson, F. P. (2008). Joining together: Group therapy and group skills (10th ed). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Knapp, M. L. (2002). Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed. ). London: Sage.Ratliffe, S. A. , & Hudson, D. D. (1988). Skills building for interpersonal competence. U. S. : Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Sq uirrell, G. (1998). Developing life skills. Lyme Regis: Russell House. (2000): ( : )? (1999): ( : )? (2002): 180 ( : )? Syllabus |Class |Unit Title |Content | |(3 hours each) | | | |1 |A.Introduction |Course introduction, | | | |Concept of self | | |B. Knowing and Valuing Yourself (Chapter 1 of|Developmental areas of self | | |the text) |Self-esteem, self-concept, self-efficacy & ways to build and raise it | |2 |C. Understanding yourself throughout the life|Personality types and theories | |span (Chapter 2 of the text) |Gender and personality | | | |How to write psychology paper in APA format | |3 |1. Exploring values and making wise choices |Value and moral development | | |(Chapter 3 of the text) |Define wellness and ways of promoting wellness | | |2.Experiencing and expressing emotion |Emotion and self | | |(Chapter 5 of the text) |Constructive & appropriate ways to express emotion | | |And Achieving happiness & satisfaction |Define happiness | | |(Chapter 4 of the text) |Ob stacles in the pursuit of happiness | | | |Ways of achieving satisfaction | |4 |Student presentation |Group 1 – Chapter 3 | | | |Group 2 – Chapter 4 & 5 | |5 |3.Becoming a positive listener (Chapter 7 of|Verbal and non-verbal language | | |the text) |Define listening | | | |Develop better listening skills | | |4. Improving Communication |Style of verbalizing | | |(Chapter 8 and 9 of the text) |Effective communication | | | |Self-disclosure | | | |Giving & receiving compliments | | | Checking your perception | | | |Using dimensions of awareness | | | |Respond effectively | |6 |Student presentation |Group 3 – Chapter 7 | | | |Group 4 – Chapter 8 & 9 | |7 |5. Building Positive Relationships (Chapter |Creating healthy relationships | | |10 of the text) |Types of relationships | | | |Support systems | | | |Define conflict styles and conflict management | | |6.Strengthening Family Relationships |Family strengths & weaknesses | | |(Chapter 13 of the text) |P ositive parenting | | | |Changes in the family | |8 |Student presentation |Group 5 – Chapter 10 | | | |Group 6 – Chapter 13 | |9 |7. Developing & Enriching Intimate |What is love? | | |Relationships (Chapter 12 of the text) |Types of love | | | |Obstacles to love & intimacy | | | |Building intimacy | | | |Sexual fulfillment | | |Cohabitation | | | |Marriage | | | |Recommendation for marital success | |10 |Student presentation |Group 7 – Chapter 12 | | | |Group 8 – Chapter 12 | |11 |Self-reflection; |Students’ oral presentations: reflecting what one has learned in this | | |Submit term paper |course | |12 |Self-reflection; |Students’ oral presentations: reflecting what one has learned in this | | |Quiz |course | Assessment 100% course work ? Attendance10% ? Participation10% ? Quiz10% ? Group presentation25% ? Oral presentation20% ? Written assignment25% 6. 1Attendance10% 6. 1. 1Compulsory Attendance Students’ full attendance i s required. Prior approval should be sought from the lecturer for any leave of absence. Formal letter and medical certificate are required to prove students’ absence. Students must be punctual for their lessons.Three ‘late come-ins’ will be counted as one absence. Absence of any three sessions without reasonable written explanation and prior approval from the lecturer will lead to failure of the whole course. 6. 2Participation10% 6. 2. 1To facilitate students’ contribution to class learning, they are expected to: 6. 2. 1. 1prepare and present mini-lectures, take a leading role in class discussion, group activities and presentations; 6. 2. 1. 2share own experiences and thoughts with the group; 6. 2. 1. 3reflect on and learn from experiences and feedback; 6. 2. 1. 4provide fruitful, concrete and constructive feedback to classmates. 6. 3Quiz 10% 6. 3. A multiple choice, open book short quiz related to the text will be carried out at the beginning of class 12. Students are reminded to read the text regularly. 6. 4Group Presentation25% 6. 4. 18 groups will be formed in the first class. Starting from class 4, each group will be responsible for presenting and running activities during the session. 6. 4. 2The content of presentation is related to the content of chapter/s of the textbook being assigned. Each group has to hand in a Pre-task Form to the lecturer at least one week before their presentation (see p. 15-16). Marks may be deducted for late submission. It is highly recommended for groups to discuss with the lecturer before the presentation. 6. 4. In addition to the textbook, students are encouraged to look for other relevant materials when preparing the presentation, such as newspapers, local statistical reports, personal experiences and other electronic and paper journals etc. 6. 4. 4The format of the presentation is flexible and should be creative. Mini-lecture, drama, role-plays and games involving the entire class are recommended . The class activity should be related to everyday life, and as original and stimulating as possible. 6. 4. 5Duration of the presentation should be around 40 minutes. 6. 4. 6Students are required to use English in the presentation. 6. 4. 7After the group presentation, the entire class will assess and provide feedback on the group’s overall performance. Each roup will ask one question and give a brief verbal comment on the performance of the presentation group. Each group will also need to fill in an evaluation form and submit it to the lecturer (p. 8). 6. 5 Oral Presentation 20% 6. 5. 1Each student shall prepare a self-reflection speech in about 300 words in English. Self-reflection means anything one believes one has learned or gained from this course that is beneficial in self-understanding and developing positive relations, and would like to share verbally in English. 6. 5. 2Each student will have at most 3 minutes to present in the class in class 11 and 12 6. 5. 3After th e presentation, each group will ask the student a question.Each group will provide written feedback and rate the performance of the student (p. 10). 6. 5. 4Students are required to hand in their script for reference at the beginning of their presentation. Marks will be deducted if students fail to submit a written script of their presentation. 6. 6 Written assignment 25% 6. 6. 1Students are required to submit a paper in this course. This paper should be written in English and submitted at the beginning of class 11. The submission deadline of the paper will be strictly enforced. Without prior approval from the lecturer, zero mark or F Grade will be given to any late submission. For security purpose, student is recommended to keep a spare copy of the paper. 6. 6. Format of the paper: neatly typed on A4 papers, double-line spacing, font size 12, Times New Roman, 1 inch margin. 6. 6. 3Word limits: 1000 words with word count provided. 6. 6. 4 Proper references should be included in the p aper. 6. 6. 5Students have to demonstrate their ability to integrate knowledge they learnt from this course to analyze a case. Assignment questions: see p. 12. 6. 6. 6 Term paper marking criteria |Excellent A |Criteria in obtaining a B and | | |Strong evidence of original thinking | | |Good capacity to analyze and ynthesize | | |Indication of critical thinking | | |Superior grasp of subject matter | | |Evidence of extensive knowledge base | | |Excellent suggestions that definitely can be used in real life situations. | |Good B |Criteria in obtaining a C and | | |Elaborate and illustrate with appropriate examples. | | |Good grasp of the subject matter. | |Some evidence of critical capacity and analytical ability | | |Reasonable understanding of issues | | |Good insights and/or practical suggestions. | |Satisfactory C |Well organized – with introduction, content, conclusion and reference sections. | | |APA format used | | |Content is relevant to the question asked. | | |Indic ate basic knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. | |With acceptable conclusion and appropriate suggestions or insights. | |Fair D |Written in understandable English. | | |Content is somewhat relevant to the question asked. | | |Unable to use proper APA format. | |Poor F |Little evidence of familiarity with the concept and subject matter | | |Poor English | | |Plagiarism | HKU SPACE Community College Intra- and Interpersonal Competencies Group Presentation Classmates’ Group Feedback Form Class: Mon/Tue/Wed/Thur/Fri Group: ______ Presentation Topic: _______________________________________ From Group: ___________am/pm |Presenters: | | | | |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ | |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ | Performance Appraisal Item |Excellent |Good |Satisfactory |Fair |Poor | |Structure & organization | | | | | | |Preparation | | | | | | |Time allocation | | | | | | |Appropriate content | | | | | | |Interesting activities | | | | | | |Clarity of message | | | | | | |Classmates’ response | | | | | | |Sound rationale | | | | | | |Overall | | | | | | Your group’s comments _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ HKU SPACE Community College Intra- and Interpersonal Competencies Group Presentation Lecturer’s Immediate Feedback Form Group: ______ Presentation Topic: ___________________________________________ Class: Mon/Tue/Wed/Thur/Fri _______am/pm Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ | |Student ID: __________ |Student ID: __________ |Student ID: __________ |Student ID: __________ | | | | | | |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ |Name: ______________ | |Student ID: __________ |Student ID: __________ |Student ID: __________ |Student ID: __________ | Performance Appraisal Item |Excellent |Good |Satisfactory |Fair |Poor | |Structure & organization | | | | | | |Preparation | | | | | | |Time allocation | | | | | | |Appropriate content | | | | | | |Interesting activities | | | | | | |Clarity of message | | | | | | |Classmates’ response | | | | | | |Sound rationale | | | | | | |Overall | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ HKU SPACE Community College Intra- and Interpersonal Competencies Individual Oral Presentation Classmates’ Group Assessment Form Class: Mon/Tue/Wed/Thur/Fri Presenter’s Name: ______________________ From Group: ___________am/pm Performance Appraisal Item |Excellent |Good |Satisfactory |Fair |Poor | |Structure & organization | | | | | | |Preparation | | | | | | |Time allocation | | | | | | |Content | | | | | | |Clarity of presentation | | | | | | |Responses to questions | | | | | | Question(s) your group raised or you want to raise and the presenter’s response: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _______________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Overall comment on the presentation: _________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ HKU SPACE Community College Intra- and Interpersonal Competencies Individual Oral Presentation Lecturer’s Feedback Form Presenter’s Name: ______________________ Class: Mon/Tue/Wed/Thur/Fri _______am/pm Performance Appraisal Item |Excellent |Good |Satisfactory |Fair |Poor | |Structure & organization | | | | | | |Preparation | | | | | | |Time allocation | | | | | | |Content | | | | | | |Clarity of presentation | | | | | | |Respons es to questions | | | | | | HKU SPACE Community College Intra- and Interpersonal Competencies Individual Oral Presentation Lecturer’s Feedback Form Presenter’s Name: ______________________ Class: Mon/Tue/Wed/Thur/Fri _______am/pm Performance Appraisal Item |Excellent |Good |Satisfactory |Fair |Poor | |Structure & organization | | | | | | |Preparation | | | | | | |Time allocation | | | | | | |Content | | | | | | |Clarity of presentation | | | | | | |Responses to questions | | | | | | Case Study My name is Sammy.I had unsatisfactory results in my public examinations and could not be admitted to a university. My parents wanted me to further study, therefore, I went to college without giving it much thought. I do not like studying. Actually, I don’t’ know what I like and dislike. The question â€Å"Who am I? † still confuses me. It is clear to me that I am not as competent as my friends and classmates. My classmates have better academic and sports per formance than me. My elder sister is better looking than me. My cousin is more†¦ I cannot remember the last time I talked to my parents peacefully. My parents go home late because of work. When they come home, I am usually in bed.If they happen to come home earlier, they usually find me lying on the sofa with the television on, or surfing the Internet aimlessly. They often complain and nag, which irritates me very much. I once lost my temper and banged the door harshly after their criticism. Since this incident, I have become accustomed to respond to their complaints with a blank face or going back to my room quietly. I think silence is better than quarrels. Pre-assignment preparation (to be completed in class 1): According to your common senses, list out the possible problems of the main character of the scenario (Sammy) and your suggested solutions to the main character’s problems. Assignment questions (1000 words, submission deadline: in class 11):Base on what you hav e learned in this course (including your textbook and any reference materials that you may have read), analyze the case study provided. Using theoretical support: identify the problems the main character has and suggest possible solutions. HKU SPACE Community College Intra- and Interpersonal Competencies [pic] Assignment Checklist (Will be attached to students’ paper) 1. Format Double-line spacing( Typed (yes, the computer is just fine)( 2. ContentExcellentPoor Identifies the possible problems of the scenario ((((( Proposes pragmatic solutions to the scenario((((( Shows how the theories apply to the scenario((((( Cites references with APA format((((( 3. Writing StyleExcellentPoor Organized(((((Understandable((((( Appropriate Grammar & correct spelling((((( Cohesiveness((((( Other comments: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Grade ___________ Teacher ____________________ Date ___________ HKU SPACE Community College Intra- and Interpersonal CompetenciesGuidelines for writing an essay 1. Structure and presentation 1. Essay is well-structured with table of content, introduction, sections (parts) and conclusion (or suggestion ) 2. Paragraphs (or sections/ parts ) are logically linked 3. Appropriate insertion of tables or figures whenever necessary 4. Good reference section 2. Content (be regarded as more important) 1. Materials are addressed to the topic with evidence of extensive reading. 2. The theme is well mastered & logically developed 3. The major theories / concepts are well mastered. 4. Arguments are adequate and critical. 5. Theory(ies) applied are critically evaluated. 6.Draw r eference from relevant local examples as far as possible. 3. Conclusion / suggestions 1. Summarize the key points briefly 2. Having new ideas & insights into the topic 3. 3. Provide workable suggestions HKU SPACE Community College Intra- and Interpersonal Competencies Group Presentation Pre-task Form Course Code: _________________ Class: Mon/Tue/Wed/Thur/Fri am/pm Group: ______ Presentation Title: __________________________________________ |Name: ________________ |Name: ________________ |Name: ________________ |Name: ________________ | |Student ID: ____________ |Student ID: ____________

Human rights legislation Essay

UK Citizens now have certain basic human rights which government and public authorities are legally obliged to respect. These became law as part of the Human Rights Act 1998. This Act 1998 gives legal effect in the UK to 16 of the fundamental rights and freedoms contained in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). These rights not only affect matters of life and death like freedom from torture and killing but also affect your rights in everyday life: what you can say and do, your beliefs, your right to a fair trial and many other similar basic entitlements. The rights are not absolute – governments have the power to limit or control them in times of severe need or emergency. There are also responsibilities to respect the rights of others – and not exercise yours in a way which is likely to stop them from being able to exercise theirs. (Human Rights Act, 1998)The evidence from the Estia seminar, suggests that some of the human rights legislation has not yet had m uch effect on the lives of people with a learning disability, especially in those whose learning disability is more severe (Annette, 2004). This reflection will focus on the issues surrounding personal relationships, three articles of The Human Rights Act (1998) relate to this: Article 3 – no one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; Article 8 – Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence; and Article 12 – Men and women of marriageable age have the right to marry and to found a family, according to the national laws governing the exercise of this right. (Human Rights Act, 1998)FeelingsAll human beings are sexual beings, sexuality is not an optional extra, and everyone has sexual needs, feelings and desires. People are entitled to express their sexuality in different ways, showing respect for self and others. People with a learning disability should be supported to make informed choices and be allowed the opportunities to exercise their rights and responsibilities in regards to sexual health and personal relationships, which are an integral part of their lives. It is clear through the rest of this reflection that these basic human rights are not being met, therefore it is hoped that the failure to provide opportunities for people with a learning disability will be the subject of legal challenge under the Human Rights Act. Government policy demands that services work towards inclusion for people with a learning disability, meaning that they should have positive, reciprocal  relationships, be part of the community and enjoy ordinary life. I also believe that enabling people with a learning disability to enjoy a full range of relationships is one of the keys to empowerment. I understand the need to protect people who may be vulnerable, but I think there is a fine line between protection an d avoidance, and at the moment the majority of staff are avoiding the issues surrounding sexualty. EvaluationIt is still relatively unusual for people to accept that people with a learning disability have ordinary sexual feelings and desires, let alone should be allowed to act on them. They are seldom given encouragement, opportunity or the necessary privacy to develop intimate sexual relationships. (Annette, 2004)When discussing issues such as parenting, sex, and also homosexuality, all of which may be regarded as positive, emphasis is often placed on possible negative implications. For example, in relation to parenting, despite evidence that people with a learning disability can develop parenting skills, and many have been excellent parents, it is frequently seen as something that should be avoided, and if pregnancy does occur, it is likely to result in the child being removed. (Paul, 2007) Likewise, in relation to homosexuality, these relationships are even less well tolerated and are generally perceived not only as ‘inappropriate’ behaviour, but also often as ‘abusive’ sexual behaviour and as challenging behaviour (Annette, 2004). The focus also seems to be on concern about vulnerability of men with a learning disability engaging in same sex relationships to such things of abuse and HIV (Paul, 2007). In British society today, homosexual relationships are widely accepted, but this open-mindness has yet to be extended to people with a learning disability. Section 13 of the Criminal Law regulates homosexual acts between me, not women, in Scotland. Under the provision of Section 13, homosexual acts are legal if: the parties consent, the parties are over 18 and the act does not take place in a public place. Also, in residential care, women’s sexuality sometimes appears to be a matter of simply recognising menstruation, which is monitored and counted, (invading the privacy of the women), preventing pregnancy by putting women on the contraceptive pill. In such circumstances, it is hard to see that the  human rights of these women, to private lives, to marry and to found familes are being respected. A study carried out by the Judith Trust studied 11 women who lived in a longstay hospital and followed them through the ‘community care’ act, however only 3 made it to independent community. Out of these 3, one of the ladies did have an ongoing sexual relationship with her boyfriend, yet she was not invited to her case conference determining her future and included discussions about her relationship. She was lucky that as decision was made on pragmatic grounds that she should be enabled to continue to see and relate to her boyfriend. This is a unique case, intimate relationships are rarely part of a decision to move someone to another residence or of decisions about how they are best be cared for, whereas for most of us such intimate and family relationships are key to these decisions. (Annette, 2004) Ungendered life is very atypical, living with people of the opposite sex who are neither family, friends or lovers is a very unusual arrangement. People with a learning disability have the same rights in law as anyone else to marry or live together providing the person is over 16years and has a general understanding of what it means to get married, he or she has the legal capacity to consent to marriage. No one else’s consent is ever required. The district registrar can refuse to authorise a marriage taking place if he or she believes one of the parties does not have a mental capacity to consent, but the level of learning disability has to very high before the District Registrar will do so. AnalysisLearning about sexuality is a life long and often haphazard process, learning from parents, school, television and magazines, most of which are inaccessible to people who have a learning disability. It is often the case that people with a learning disability only get a very negative form of sex education, for example ‘Don’t do that, it’s not nice’, and ‘Stop touching yourself down there, that’s bad’. (Making Choices, Keeping Safe, 2004) Not giving them any positive format or sensible sex education does not mean that they won’t pick up enticing ideas, but they need more sex education than most young people in order to protect them from people who might exploit them. Ignorance is definitely not bliss, not knowing how to behave or the  consequence of sexual activity, not knowing the difference between public and private behaviour, or teaching them that it is ok to say ‘no’, leaves people with a learning disability very vulnerable to getting into trouble, to abuse or exploitation. Proper sex education is therefore a particular important factor in not only helping them to have appropriate relationships but in helping them to protect themselves from abuse. Consent is crucial in deciding whether a particular sexual relationship or act is abusive. There are some individuals with a learning disability who would not be considered as being able to give consent and lack capacity. The Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 is now the most significant piece of legislation in the protection of vulnerable adults. It is concerned with adults who are defined as being incapable of acting, making decisions, communicating decisions, understanding decisions, by reason of mental disorder or physical illness’ (Adults with Incapacity Act, 2000). In considering consent, Kennedy and Niederbuhl (2001) asked 305 American psychologists about the most important issues to assess when considering consent to a sexual relationship. They came up with three main issues: 1. basic sexual knowledge, 2. knowledge of the consequences of sexual behaviour and 3. abilities in self-protection. (Gates, 2007) These 3 issues could be used as a guide as to develop inf ormation around and also to guide those involved in decisions around consent. ConclusionAll people with a learning disability have the right to enjoy a full range of relationships and to choose to express their sexuality at a variety of levels. They also have the right to be protected from any situation where they are vulnerable to exploitation and at risk of physical, sexual or emotional abuse. However, The sexuality of people with a learning disability raises questions and sometimes dilemmas, on the one hand we wish to secure freedom and choice for them; but at the same time we have a duty to protect them from exploitation or abuse. However, the principle of ‘normalisation’ emphasises the intergration of people with learning disabilities in society. This increases their presence in the community, which in turn gives them the chance to exercise their right to make choices regarding their sexuality. (Savarimuthio & Bunnel, 2003) I therefore think  that information is key to what is required for anyone to participate meaningfully as an adult in any intimate role. However, most carers would rather ignore the issue of sexuality until such a time as a problem arose. Therefore staff need to better informed and training given to the service providers. Action Plan All people with a learning disability should be given appropriate information in the most accessible format related to the understanding of the individual. It should be available in a range of formats including written material, audio, pictures, and symbols etc. References Annette, L. 2004. Human Rights and the failure of policy to deliver: Women with learning disabilities and mental health needs. Tizard Learning disability ReviewGates, B. (ed) 2007. Learning Disabilities Toward Inclusion. (5th Ed) Elseevier, Edinburgh. Human Rights Act 1998 (Retrieved 25th November 2007) http://www.england-legislation.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980042_en_1#pb1-l1g1Making choices, keeping safe. 2004Paul, W. 2007. ‘I count myself as normal, well, not normal, but normal enough’. Men with a learning disability tell their stories about Sexualty and Sexual Identity. Tizard Learning Disabilty ReviewSavarimuthio, D,. & Bunnell, T. (2003). Sexuality and Learning Disabilities. Nursing Standard. 17, 39, 33-35.

What Is the Secret to Long Life?

What is the secret to long life? The secret to long life all depends on how we take care of our own bodies. After taking my test on Blue zone I saw many bad habits that got in the way of me living longer. According to Blue zones Vitality quiz my biological age was two years older than what I really was. My life expectancy wasn’t as high as many other peers of mine that took the quiz. MY life expectancy age was 79. 2. If I fix my bad habits its more likely those 19. 4 years will be added to my life expectancy age.My life expectancy ages were this low because of the habits I have that are not good for my body as I get older. One big problem that I have is I’m most of my time. Blue zone recommended that I should battle my feelings of stress by talking it over, exercising, eating right and getting enough sleep. I also learned that anxiety can because you skin becomes pale, heart rate increase and muscles to tense up. When I get an anxiety the best way to control it is to ju st recognize signs of anxiety and then take a walk or breathe in deeply.Another bad habit is that I don’t eat as many vegetables as my body should be getting. Blue zones recommended that if I was offered a hamburger and vegetables, it makes more sense to get the vegetables which are better for my eye health. A scientific study was done and concluded that that people who ate the highest amount of yellow and dark green, leafy vegetables had a reduced chance of developing blindness. ON the other hand o also needs to enjoy some fruits.In my quiz it stated that people who have diets rich in fruits and vegetables lower their risk of Alzheimer and dementia by 30%. Since I’m a college student I do get a lot of fast food. I need to eat healthier and eat food with fewer calories. It hard for me to stay away from the junk food since it seems so appealing comparing it to the healthy food. But my health is important and the best way to get my body healthy is to avoid foods on high fructose syrup and becoming aware of what I put in my body. My body needs exercise, healthier food and emotional control of anxiety and anger.

Communication in the Workplace

Communication is a vital process in organizations and companies in today’s world. It has been defined as an activity that entails transmitting information through interexchange of views or messages by behavior, signals, writing, visuals, and speech. The process of communication requires a sender, the message to be sent, and a receiver. However, it is mandatory for the receiver to be aware of the sender’s intention to communicate. This means that a sender can be able to communicate with a receiver across vast distances (Wilson 2010). Normally, the communication the process is complete after it is clear that the receiver understood the message as intended by the sender. Communicative commonality is integral to effective communication between communicating parties. Effective communication is not only needed inside an organization but also when dealing with external stakeholders. It enables organization to achieve competitive edge considering the fact that it through it that an organization remains responsive to consumer needs (Jones & George 2007). On the contrary, poor communication disrupts almost everything in an organization. There are a number of barriers to effective communication (Huczynski & Buchanan 2010). This paper intends to highlight the barriers and how three organizations (Professional Sports, Bernard Mathews, and NHS trust Hospital) have been able to handle the barriers to ensure effective communication. Barriers to Effective Communication Barriers to communication are factors that might hinder effective communication between parties in the workplace. According to Antony and MacVicar (2011), this includes language barriers, cultural barriers, organizational barriers, personal barriers, and interpersonal barriers. Other barriers to effective communication include information technology and power. Professional sports organizations in Greece, Bernard Mathews, and NHS trust hospital have had to deal with at least of the barriers. The three have employed different strategies to deal with them hence their continued success (Mullins 2005). NHS Trust Hospital Poor communication has hindered hospitals to serve customers in the desired manner. There are a number of factors that have contributed to the problem. According to Smith and Preston (1996), the nature of jobs executed by doctors and nurses has contributed to poor communication. Nurses and doctors jobs are in most cases stressful leading to their informal communication among them. It is also common to find practitioners being less polite when addressing one another. Lack of understanding of one another’s role and knowledge has also contributed to the poor communication in NHS hospital (Smith & Preston 1996). Gender differences have also been a barrier to effective communication with stereotypes being the main cause. Men practitioners seem to have less respect for female practitioners hence conflicts in communication. Research has shown that professionalism and status is also a major cause of poor communication in NHS hospital. More experienced nurses and doctors seemed to have fewer problems in building relationships and communicating effectively. This is as compared to less experienced doctors and nurses who experience a lot of problems communicating. Members of the same group in the hospital also find it easy to communicate. Smith and Preston (1996) argues that this ostensibly because of similar language, sense of belonging, and similar training. NHS has tried to deal with the barriers through the application of a number of strategies. For instance, it has tried to create good relationships among practitioners. This has been done to ensure they are able to communicate with one another with ease. It has also employed training and teaching communication programs to enhance to encourage good communication among practitioners. It is clear that nurses and doctors in the organization have found it hard to get along with one another as a result of different training (Smith & Preston 1996). It has also been suggested that the organization should implement good communication systems to aid practitioners in communication. The world has been experiencing technological advancements on a daily basis. The hospital needs to capitalize on this to be able to improve communications (Smith & Preston 1996). Bernard Mathews Farms Bernard Mathews Farms is also one of the organizations that have suffered as a result of poor or ineffective communication. Noise has been one of the major barriers to the organization’s effective communication. Specifically, the organization was affected by the noise created by the media. To be more precise, press articles published negative information about the Bernard Mathews that led to the public have a negative attitude towards it. On the other hand, the organization failed to communicate to its stakeholders or respond to the allegation in a timely to be able to set the record straight. In the essence, this left the public confused on the matter leading to the organization losing its credibility. This also led to the company losing a competitive edge on the market. Employees were also demotivated seeing their company’s name being tarnished in the media. As a result, it necessitated the need for the management to come up with strong strategies on how to enhance communication with its stakeholders (Bernard Matthews 2011). The company was committed to improving its communication not only with internal stakeholders but also external ones. Internal stakeholders include directors, managers, and employees. The company has been able to communicate effectively with its internal stakeholders through the production of multilingual weekly newsletter to all employees. This has been done to ensure employees are well aware of what is happening in the organization. The same information is made available on its intranet site. Employees can also log in to be able to access new information. Similarly, the company also provides conducts face to face meeting aimed at informing managers on the progress of the company as well as new initiatives (Bernard Matthews 2011). The company has also employed different strategies to be able to communicate with external stakeholders. This includes customers, regulatory bodies, suppliers, the community, and the government. Essentially, the company was committed to winning back the trust of its stakeholders to survive the market. One way through which this was achieved is advertising. The company has been able to use the television to advertise its products to ensure they stick in the minds of its customers. It has also made a follow to ascertain the impact of the advertisements. It is through this strategy that the company is able to explain to its customers the benefits of consuming its products. Ultimately, this also gives it the opportunity to address the negative publicity as it is able to inform stakeholders on what is really happening (Bernard Matthews 2011). Social media and the internet has also been used by the company to be able to reach out to its stakeholders. For example, the company has four websites that serve different audiences. This includes a corporate website, consumer sites, Foodservice site, and a campaigning site. It has been able to use the same to market its products as well as make its new initiatives known to stakeholders. The company has also used the media and public relations to communicate circuitously with its consumers (Bernard Matthews 2011). Professional Sport. Professional sport organizations have also faced many barriers that impede effective communication. Specifically, coaches have found it problematic to communicate effectively with their players during games. This can be attributed to them having limited time. Coaches find it hard to communicate with players as a result of the limited time they might have to transmit instructions. They have tried their best to handle the same. However, limited time remains a great obstacle (Athanasios 2005). Language has also created a barrier to effective communication in the company. Professional sports teams are normally composed of players from different countries. As such, coaches might find it problematic to communicate with them. Ability of perception and attitude also hinder effective communication. It is common knowledge that players might decode messages differently hence some may not be able to get the right information. The negative attitude among players has also created a great barrier to communication considering the fact this affects communication not only to their superiors but also other players (Athanasios 2005). There are also external factors that have hindered communication in professional sports in Canada. External factors are those that are not directly related to the players or their coach but still affect communication. For example, spectators, sports officials, and opponents also act as barriers to effective communications. This can be attributed to the noise they make during sports events (Athanasios 2005). Coaches try to ensure effective communication by asking their players to be calm and remain focused. They also try to minimize the negative influence created by outside factors. Coaches have also dealt with the problem of languages through naturalization of players. Equally, they have also ensured that their messages are short and clear to ensure every individual perceives or understands them in the desired manner. Team cohesion, fatigue, and team environment affect their attitude towards one another. Coaches have tried to deal with this through ensuring team members have enough rest and spend more time with one another (Athanasios 2005). Conclusion Communication is very essential for organizations. It is imperative for the management in different organizations to ensure effective communication for better performances. There are a number of barriers that hinder effective communication including personal barriers, language barriers, physical barriers, and gender barriers. Professional Sports, Bernard Mathews, and NHS trust Hospital have faced some of these barriers and have tried their level best to handle them to ensure their success. Communication in the Workplace Communication and its many assets are very important. In order to be successful in anything we need to have effective communication. Although effective communication is very important in today’s world we will have issues with ineffective communication, also known as barriers. To communicate you need to have a sender, receiver and a message. It is important to relay any message with accuracy, with errors we then begin to have barriers causing ineffective communication. Technology is another factor that can be helpful but needs to be used properly. In my organization we use autocratic, democratic, paternalistic and laissez-faire. We are all about rights as well as delegating things to the appropriate parties. In my opinion having a combination of all management styles is important and makes it easier when you need to adjust to the different situations. Every situation and work day (involving who you work with) can be different. You make need to be more of a laissez-faire or paternalistic manager when you work with someone who needs direction at work. In my work facility we share knowledge and anything we need, thoroughly through emails, verbally and our communication book; which in our communication book you can find a lot of different information with dates, times, descriptions, etc. The more through we are the more likely we have communicated effectively even though the receiver or receivers may not be there. To communicate effectively there are five main techniques that can help you to improve. First off there is brainstorming; when you brain storm you are just throwing ideas out there in order to get any ideas together. There are also workplace tours which can also be known as a form of training. By doing tours you can allow others to see how another spectrum does things and learn how to improve or find new ways of doing things. Stakeholder surveys and stakeholder meetings are ways of getting groups together to generate more ideas. Put simply there is the expression â€Å"two heads is better than one†. Lastly there is formal suggestion system which in turns means you are workings together to figure out what these ideas mean and if they will have any value to what you need currently. Even though we have effective communication you are still going to have ineffective communication. This can be a variety of things. The first one which can cause a vast variety of issues is our main demographics like; age, cultural background, race, gender and language. There is also noise barriers which can cause you to miss-understand or interpret your sender (person giving message) wrong. You could also be ignoring parts of the message you will be receiving and only hearing the parts you would like to hear. Communication through technology has many of these same factors. Technology can be both effective and ineffective with all of its aspects. First we have speed which with online communication and cell phones you receive the date almost instantly. Accessibility in today’s world with the internet and our vast variety of resources we can find just about anything we would like. In health care accessibility can become an issue if information is accessed by an unauthorized individual which is a violation of HIPPA. When a breach becomes known you are required by law to notify the correct officials and take the necessary steps to correct the problem. Efficiency has a lot to do with speed. You can send something as simple as an email or text to get your message to the receiver. Written communication means there is a â€Å"hard copy† of the given information you can access. As for the news it can be accessed online or via the T. V. giving you more information. In health care we need to be able to keep up with the change and communication is vital. One simple mistake can make a world of difference especially in a hospital setting. You want to take the appropriate steps to improving and ways to alter or avoid having issues with ineffective communication. As you can see communication and management are vital in today’s success. You want to communicate effectively and work on improving and getting rid of any ineffective communication issues you may have. Make sure you are using the appropriate management style for the given situations and communicate your message thoroughly to your receiver. ReferencesMcManus, K. (1998). A project management system for innovation. Journal for Quality and participation, 21(5), 60. Management Study Guide. Roles of Communication barriers in ineffective communication. Retrieved from: www.managementstudyguide.com/role-of-communication-barriers-in-ineffective-communication.htm Nelson, L. (2012). Ehow Learning. How Technology Impact Communication in the Workplace Communication and its many assets are very important. In order to be successful in anything we need to have effective communication. Although effective communication is very important in today’s world we will have issues with ineffective communication, also known as barriers. To communicate you need to have a sender, receiver and a message. It is important to relay any message with accuracy, with errors we then begin to have barriers causing ineffective communication. Technology is another factor that can be helpful but needs to be used properly. In my organization we use autocratic, democratic, paternalistic and laissez-faire. We are all about rights as well as delegating things to the appropriate parties. In my opinion having a combination of all management styles is important and makes it easier when you need to adjust to the different situations. Every situation and work day (involving who you work with) can be different. You make need to be more of a laissez-faire or paternalistic manager when you work with someone who needs direction at work. In my work facility we share knowledge and anything we need, thoroughly through emails, verbally and our communication book; which in our communication book you can find a lot of different information with dates, times, descriptions, etc. The more through we are the more likely we have communicated effectively even though the receiver or receivers may not be there. To communicate effectively there are five main techniques that can help you to improve. First off there is brainstorming; when you brain storm you are just throwing ideas out there in order to get any ideas together. There are also workplace tours which can also be known as a form of training. By doing tours you can allow others to see how another spectrum does things and learn how to improve or find new ways of doing things. Stakeholder surveys and stakeholder meetings are ways of getting groups together to generate more ideas. Put simply there is the expression â€Å"two heads is better than one†. Lastly there is formal suggestion system which in turns means you are workings together to figure out what these ideas mean and if they will have any value to what you need currently. Even though we have effective communication you are still going to have ineffective communication. This can be a variety of things. The first one which can cause a vast variety of issues is our main demographics like; age, cultural background, race, gender and language. There is also noise barriers which can cause you to miss-understand or interpret your sender (person giving message) wrong. You could also be ignoring parts of the message you will be receiving and only hearing the parts you would like to hear. Communication through technology has many of these same factors. Technology can be both effective and ineffective with all of its aspects. First we have speed which with online communication and cell phones you receive the date almost instantly. Accessibility in today’s world with the internet and our vast variety of resources we can find just about anything we would like. In health care accessibility can become an issue if information is accessed by an unauthorized individual which is a violation of HIPPA. When a breach becomes known you are required by law to notify the correct officials and take the necessary steps to correct the problem. Efficiency has a lot to do with speed. You can send something as simple as an email or text to get your message to the receiver. Written communication means there is a â€Å"hard copy† of the given information you can access. As for the news it can be accessed online or via the T. V. giving you more information. In health care we need to be able to keep up with the change and communication is vital. One simple mistake can make a world of difference especially in a hospital setting. You want to take the appropriate steps to improving and ways to alter or avoid having issues with ineffective communication. As you can see communication and management are vital in today’s success. You want to communicate effectively and work on improving and getting rid of any ineffective communication issues you may have. Make sure you are using the appropriate management style for the given situations and communicate your message thoroughly to your receiver. ReferencesMcManus, K. (1998). A project management system for innovation. Journal for Quality and participation, 21(5), 60. Management Study Guide. Roles of Communication barriers in ineffective communication. Retrieved from: www.managementstudyguide.com/role-of-communication-barriers-in-ineffective-communication.htm Nelson, L. (2012). Ehow Learning. How Technology Impact